Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Malawi: A Target Audience Research Report

This 52-page report documents a study, conducted by the Pakachere Institute of Health and Development Communication in Malawi, that aimed to explain the background of multiple concurrent partnerships (MCP) in the country and their relation to HIV. Research was conducted via focus group discussions and individual interviews, and according to the authors, shows that MCP are common and contribute to HIV prevalence in the country.

According to the study, participants identified many reasons for engaging in MCP, including material gains, working away from home, the need for sexual variety, inadequate sex and misunderstandings in marriage, peer and parental pressure, and revenge on a cheating spouse. However, respondents recognised various disadvantages of MCP, such as the risk HIV infection, increased financial burdens, quarrels and fights, neglect of responsibilities at home, and pregnancies with uncertain paternity. The study shows that participants do have a certain level of HIV-related knowledge, and recognised the link between MCP and HIV. For example, when asked how they would react to finding out their partner had other sexual relationships, respondents indicated several options including insisting on condom use and HIV testing. However, for the most part this has not translated into behaviour change.

The study also explored people's views on ways to reduce MCP. Respondents felt that friends and peers should be encouraged to counsel and advise each other. They also felt that forming groups or clubs would be useful, both in terms of promoting discussion on the issues and organising activities to keep people busy. Some respondents felt that non-governmental organisations could be doing more to educate people around HIV prevention. Openness and communication between partners was also identified as a way to avoid disagreements and bring them together. Related to that, respondents thought that if partners were better able to sexually satisfy each other, they would have less reason to seek out other relationships. Support mechanisms, women's financial independence, elders as educators, and banning polygamy were also seen as ways to reduce MCP.

The study includes several recommendations for communication initiatives. Authors say that in order to combat MCP as a key driver of the HIV epidemic, mass and interpersonal communication should clarify the presence of sexual networks brought about by MCP and their associated risks. Consistent condom use should be promoted even in the context of marriage. Women must be empowered to negotiate the use of condoms. Abstinence should be promoted among the youth and condom use should be presented as the only option if one decides to have sex. The authors state that the role of sex needs to be explored and discussion around it encouraged. Health communication in Malawi should focus on how people can have fulfilling and sexually satisfying relationships while protecting each other.